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Physics - Syllabus...

  • Introduction

    Introduction to Physics, SI units - dimensions - dimensional formulae - dimensional analysis - limitations, Scalars and vectors - unit vector - vector addition - resolution of a vector - scalar and vector products

  • Dynamics
    Motion of a particle in one dimension - derivations of equations of motion velocity - time curve. - Problems, Newton's laws of motion, formula derivations - conservation of momentum - illustrations - problems, Motion in two dimensions - equation for the trajectory of a projectile - range, height and time of flight - uniform circular motion - centripetal acceleration - centripetal and centrifugal forces with illustrations - problems, Work, energy and power - work done - F.S. - expressions for potential and kinetic energy - conservation of energy, Gravitation - Law of gravitation - variation of g with altitude, depth and lattitude - motion of planets and satellites - statement of Kepler's laws, orbital velocity - escape velocity - weightlessness - problems, Rotational motion of rigid body - angular displacement, velocity, acceleration and momentum, torque - equations for angular motion - moment of inertia - radius of gyration, comparison of linear and rotational motions - problems, Elasticity - stress and strain - Hooke's law - moduli of elasticity - expression for Young's modulus in the case of stretching, Simple harmonic motion - characteristics - examples and equation for SHM

  • Statics
    Coplanar concurrent forces - resultant of two forces - magnitude and direction equilibrium of three forces - law of triangle of forces - Lami's theorem - problems, Moment of a force - law of moment - application to find the resultant of two parallel forces - couple - statement of conditions of equilibrium of parallel forces - problems           

  • Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics
    Hydrostatics - fluid thrust and pressure - atmospheric pressure (units) pressure at a point due to a liquid - Archimedes' principle - problems, Hydrodynamics - streamline and turbulent flow - Bernoulli's theorem - explanation with examples, Surface tension - cohesion and adhesion - surface tension and angle of contact - capillary rise, Viscosity - velocity gradient - co-efficient of viscosity - Poiseuille's formula for the flow of a liquid through a capillary tube and Stoke's law       

  • Heat
    Heat and temperature - measurement of temperature - Mention of different thermometers - effect of heat like expansion and change of state, Gas laws - absolute scale of temperature - perfect gas equation - isothermal and adiabatic changes - mention of equations of state - problems, Absorption of heat - specific heat - thermal capacity - principle of calorimetry - latent heat - specific heat - specific heats of gases and their relation - degrees of freedom - equipartition of energy - importance of g, Conduction of heat - steady state - temperature gradient - thermal conductivity - problems, Radiation - emissive and absorptive powers - Stefan's law - Prevost's theory of exchanges - Kirchhoff's law - Wien's displacement law - Plank's law - solar constant - temperature of the sun - problems, Thermodynamics - relation between heat and work - heat engine - efficiency - reversible and irreversible process - Carnot's cycle - pV diagram - efficiency of a Carnot engine - problems             

  • Geomaertical Optics
    Introduction to light - optical medium - rectilinear propagation  of light, Reflection of light - laws of reflection - reflection at curved surfaces - image formation in the case of spherical mirrors - mirror formula - sign convention - problems, Refraction at a plane surface - laws of refraction - absolute and relative refractive indices - refraction through multiple refracting media - lateral shift and normal shift - total internal relection - conditions for total internal relection - relation between critical angle and refractive index - applications of optical fibres and total reflecting prisms - problems, Refraction through a prism - derivation of the expression for the refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of A and D - dispersion through a prism - deviation produced by a thin prism - dispersive power - prism combination for dispersion without deviation - problems, Refraction at spherical surfaces - derivation of the relation connecting n,u,v and r for refraction at a spherical surface - refraction through a lens - lens maker's formula - power of a lens - Image formation in the case of thin lenses, linear magnification - lenses in contact - problems, Spherical and chromatic aberrations - qualitative discussion - achromatic combination of lenses, Optical instruments - microscopes, telescopes, prism binoculars, direct vision spectroscope and spectrometer, Photometry - basic concepts - units - principle of photmetry - problems       

  • Waves and Sound
    Waves: formation of waves, types of waves, wave amplitude, frequency, wave length and velocity - relation n =f l - equation for progressive wave, intensity, super position of waves. Problems

    Sound: Properties, velocity in gases, Newton - Laplace formula, factors affecting velocity - intensity and loudness, units, Noise and Music beats as an example of superposition of waves, Doppler effect, formula for general case, discussion for indivisual cases. Problems
     
    Stationary waves: Modes of  vibration in pipes, laws of vibration of streched strings, sonometer, Problems.
     
    Ultrasonics: Production, properties and applications
     
    Acoustics of buildings: reverberation, sabine's formula, requisites for good acoustics and methods of achieving them. 

  • Physical Optics
    Introduction to theories of light
     
    Interference of light: Coherent sources, Young's double slit eperiment, expression for path difference, conditions for constructive and destructive interference, width of interference fringes. Problems
     
    Diffraction of light: Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction through a single slit, limit of resolution, Rayleigh's criterion, resolving powers of telescopes and microscope. Problems
     
    Polarisation of light: transverse nature of light waves, methods of producing plane polarised light, Brewster's law, double refraction, dichroism, polariods and their applications, optical activity and specific rotation. Problems. 

  • Electrostatics
    Electric charge: Coulomb's law, dielectric constant, SI sunit of charge, electric intensity and potential, relation connecting them, derivation of expression for petential at a point due to an isolated charge. Gauss theorem and applications, intensity at a point (a) due to a charged spherical conductor near the surface of a charged conductor, Problems
     
    Capacitors: parallel plate, spherical, cylindrical, expressions for the capacitances, principle of a capacitor, effect of dielectric, energy stored in a capacitor, combination of capacitors, uses, Problems 

  • Current Electricity
    Different effects of electric current: potential difference, resistance, colour code, Ohm's law and its limitations, variation of resistance of a conductor with length- area of cross section and temperature, resistivity, superconductivity, thermistor and its applications, combination of resistors, emf of a cell, current in a circuit, branch currents, grouping of cells, expression for different cases, potentiometer, problems
     
    Kirchhoff's laws: Condition for balance of a wheatstone's net, metre bridge, Problems
     
    Magetic efferct of current: direction of field, right hand clasp rule and mgnitude - Laplace's law, force on a charged particle moving across a magnetic field, magnetic field strength, flux density, magnetic flux density at a point on the axis of a circlular coil carrying current, a solenoid carrying current, tangent law, tangent galvanometer, Problems
     
    Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field: Fleming's left hand rule, force between two parallel conductors carrying current, definition of ampere, suspended coil galvanoteter (with theory), conversion of galvanometer into ammeter and voltmeter, Problems
     
    Magnetic materials: Intensity of Magetising field (H), intensity of magnetisation (I) and magnetic induction (B) - relation connecting them, permeability and susceptibility, properties of dia, para and feromagnetic substances, hysteresis cycle and its significance, retentivity and coercivity, uses of magnetic materials.
     
    Electromagnetic induction: Laws, self and mutual induction, induction coil, principle and working of a generator, expression for sinusoidal emf, peak, mean and rms values, impedance, current in R, L & C and RLC circuits, power factor, choke and tranformer, principles of a ac meters Problems.   

  • Modern Physics
    Introduction to modern physics: types of spectra, E. M. spectrum, types of electron emission.
     
    Quantum theory of radiation: Explanation and applications of photoelectric effect, atom models, Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom, derivation of expressions for orbital radius, orbital velocity, energy of electron and wave number, spectral series, energy level diagram, Broglie matter waves, Problems.
     
    Nuclear Physics: Nuclear size, charge, mass and density, constituents, amu in terms of electron volts, magnetic moment and nuclear forces, mass defect and binding energy, nuclear fission, chain reaction, critical size, nuclear reactor, nuclear fusion, stellar enery, radiation hazards, Problems.
     
    Radioactivity: Properties of radioactive radiations, decay law, decay constant,  Soddy's group displacement law, half life and mean life, expression for half life, radio isotopes and their uses, Problems.
     
    Solid state electronics: Band theory of solids, classification into conductors, insulators and semi conductors, p-type and n-type semi conductors, characteristics of p-n junction, rectifying action of diode, half wave and full wave rectifiers. Transistors, pnp and npn, characteristics, relation between alph and beta transistors as an amplifier


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